????? ?? 3?? ???? ?? ? ??
?? ?????․??? ??? ?? ???? ??
??? ?? ??․??? ????? ???? ??
??? ??? ????(TCO․Transparent Conducting Oxide) ??? 2??? ??? ??? ? ?? ITO ????? ???? ??? 3?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????.
???? ?????, ??? ?????, NREL? ?????(?? KIST ??)? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ‘Advanced energy materials’ ????? inside front cover ???? ????().
??? ??? 3?? ???? ??? ??? 2?? ???? ???? ????? 3?? ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ????. ? ??? ITO?? ???? ?? ??? ??? TCO ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??.

?? ?? : ??? 2?? ?? ??? ??? ??? 3?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ???.
3?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? Photoelectrochemical Cells, Li-ion Battery, Supercapacitors ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ? ????? ????.